Pectra Upgrade: The Largest Upgrade in Ethereum's History

The Pectra upgrade is a major upgrade that Ethereum plans to implement in Q1 2025, combining the two independent upgrades Prague and Electra. This upgrade will include multiple improvements to Ethereum's execution layer and consensus layer, aimed at addressing issues related to scalability, security, and user experience.

Major EIPs and Their Impact

EIP-7702: Account Abstract Wallet Innovation

• Allow existing EOA accounts to have the ability to execute smart contract code.
• Enable EOA wallets to achieve new features such as transaction sponsorship and batch account management.
• May promote the emergence of new Web2-friendly wallet solutions and complex applications.

EIP-3074: EOA control delegated to smart contracts

• Allow EOA to act as a smart contract wallet without deploying a contract.
• Introduced AUTH and AUTHCALL opcodes to implement complex trading schemes
• Extend EOA functionality through the Invoker contract, deeply associated with the intent-centric track.

EIP-7623: Optimize calldata costs and block size

• Increase calldata costs, reduce block size, and make room for blob data.
• Improve Layer 2 performance and overall network efficiency
• Conducive to the development of decentralized sorting projects.

EIP-7594(PeerDAS): Data Availability Sampling

• Enhance the ability of the network to support rollups
• Improve transaction processing speed and efficiency
• Reduce transaction costs to promote DeFi development
• Positive for ZK Prover network and related projects

EIP-7251: Increase Validator Staking Limit

• Increase the validator staking limit from 32 Ether to 2048 Ether
• Reduce the risk of network instability and simplify validator operations.
• May affect the degree of network decentralization

EOF Related Upgrades

• Introduce Ethereum object format (EOF), improve the creation and execution of smart contracts.
• Improve EVM efficiency and enhance smart contract security.
• Simplify the development process, reduce errors and vulnerabilities

Impact on the ecosystem

• Modularization, chain abstraction, and AA wallets and other tracks will directly benefit.
• The ZK field, especially the ZK Prover network, will usher in development opportunities.
• L2 data layer costs are expected to decrease, and transaction speed and data storage costs will be optimized.
• May bring a new round of growth momentum to the Ether ecosystem